Introduction to working in confined space (risk levels)

Posted by Rhys Redrup

Introduction to working in confined space (risk levels)

While the term “confined space” might suggest a small, cramped area, its definition is broader and more specific.

A confined space is any enclosed or partially enclosed area where there is a risk of death or serious injury from hazardous substances or dangerous conditions. The size of the space is not the determining factor; rather, it is the nature of the enclosure. For instance, a confined space can range from a small hole to a larger area like an underground cellar or even a room within a building.

Low Risk Confined Space

Every confined space must be individually assessed to determine its hazard level. Employers are responsible for classifying a confined space as low, medium, or high risk to ensure appropriate training, instruction, and equipment are provided.

Low risk confined spaces are characterised by shallow entry points with adequate natural or mechanical ventilation, easy and unobstructed access, and no likely risk of flooding. Examples include meter pits, valve chambers, booster pumping stations, and PRV chambers.

Despite being less hazardous than medium or high risk spaces, low risk confined spaces still require respect and proper safety measures. Necessary equipment includes:

Personal protective clothing (e.g., overalls, waterproofs, gloves, hats)
Portable gas monitors for detecting low oxygen levels, explosive and toxic atmospheres
Explosion-protected lighting
Mechanical ventilation

These spaces, while posing the lowest risk, can still cause injury or death.

Medium Risk Confined Space

Medium risk confined spaces pose greater hazards compared to low risk spaces. They feature restricted entry/exit points and a realistic expectation of hazards, such as sudden oxygen deprivation or toxic fume introduction.

In these environments, it is crucial to prepare for potential hazards. Employers and supervisors must assess the risks, provide necessary training, and supply specialised equipment like breathing apparatus. Qualified rescue personnel should be readily available.

Required equipment for medium risk confined spaces includes:

Personal protective clothing (e.g., overalls, waterproofs, gloves)
Portable gas monitors for low oxygen, explosive, and toxic atmospheres
Hard lines for lowering tools
Mechanical full man riding winches
Appropriate full body harnesses
Escape breathing apparatus
Communication tools for contacting emergency services and team members
Explosion-protected lighting
Mechanical ventilation

High Risk Confined Space

High risk confined spaces are extremely hazardous, with dangers that cannot be controlled or eliminated. Workers entering these areas must be thoroughly trained to handle specific hazards and use protective equipment.

Hazards in high risk confined spaces include gas leaks, mechanical or electrical faults, and the risk of igniting the atmosphere. These spaces require utmost caution and should only be accessed when absolutely necessary, with the right training and equipment. Rescue personnel must be on standby, and all potential risks must be anticipated.

Equipment for high risk confined spaces includes:

Personal protective clothing (e.g., overalls, waterproofs, gloves)
Portable gas monitors for low oxygen, explosive, and toxic atmospheres
Hand lines for lowering tools
Mechanical full man riding winches, allowing disconnection and multiple entrants
Appropriate full body harnesses
Full breathing apparatus sets for all entrants (minimum of two personnel)
Communication tools for calling emergency services and team members
Explosion-protected lighting, if required
Understanding Confined Spaces and Risk LevelsWorking in confined spaces presents unique challenges that require careful consideration. This guide explores the key aspects of confined spaces, their risk levels, and essential safety measures.Defining Confined SpacesA confined space is an enclosed or largely enclosed area that poses potential risks to workers. These spaces can range from small, restrictive areas to larger structures like storage tanks.Risk Levels in Confined SpacesConfined spaces are typically categorized into three risk levels:
1. Low-Risk (NC1): Shallow entry points with adequate ventilation.
2. Medium-Risk (NC2 and NC3): Vertical access with varying degrees of attachment to rescue devices.
3. High-Risk (NC4): Complex entry/exit points with serious hazards present or likely to develop.
Identifying Hazards

Common hazards in confined spaces include:
1. Noxious fumes
2. Reduced oxygen levels
3. Fire or explosion risks
4. Flooding or drowning hazards
Safety Measures

Key safety measures for confined space work include:
1. Thorough risk assessments
2. Proper ventilation systems
3. Atmospheric testing and monitoring
4. Use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
5. Implementation of emergency and rescue procedures
Training and Competency

All personnel involved in working in confined space should receive comprehensive training on hazard identification, safe work procedures, and emergency response techniques.

Conclusion

In understanding working in confined space, risk levels and implementing appropriate safety measures are crucial for protecting workers in confined spaces. Regular monitoring and adherence to safety protocols are essential for maintaining a safe working environment.

which may need to be explosion-protected